Alsace wine road meandering 5O kilometers, most of the vineyards are scattered in Dover Day (Voses) sunny mountain slopes, climbing uphill, across the valley. Glossy dark green of the vineyards in the stands between a seat intact medieval village. Overlooking the plain, in the backdrop of blue sky and pine trees, decorate the vineyards of France's most beautiful scenery.
Alsace quiet, spectacular villages, there is a delicate reverie: Using wood to build the multi-faceted shape of the roof, bulging windows, archways, chamfered door frames are decorated with wine farmers scissors or blacksmith's saddle, Hooper wood rough, baker's pretzels, past years of quiet trails through the beautiful vineyards, shady tavern, emerged from the dark cellar, both with French charm and German style. Vladimir day along the mountains, the medieval castle ruins are mostly confined to the rest. Ruins of the ancient forest loss Ren stand, like sticks and dry leaves, Gone. Only High Kings Castle (Hant-Koenigsbourg) red roof in green leaves is very striking. The castle ruins in the 20th century has been completely rebuilt, but like a 15th century military architecture.
Sauk Virgin flag (Riquewihr) is in a fairly large city, located in the heart of wine region. This is one of those towns for hiking, completely surrounded by defensive walls in the. Stone pavement of the courtyard, a small wooden turrets and complicated, flowers of every house on the balcony ... ... seems fine harmony. Most notably, the town of traditional wrought iron shop signs are all of the system. You can visit many wine cellars in town, excellent local produce Yi Silin wine. Kaiser Myers (Kaysersberg) is Alsace one of the most attractive towns, with long, narrow shape of the common area. Here Schlossberg Alsace wine garden is one of the most famous vineyards of the Principal. Alsace wine crane birds are the most precious symbol, which nest on the chimney, or people specifically for them hanging on the pole nest on wheels. But their number and have less and less. Halla Wei (Hunawihr) built Crane Bird Center, built in the mountains on the local church is also very famous fortified. Alsace castle is always with military means. Alsace wines are produced by the AOC (AOC) wine suitable for cold climate grape growing white, 94 percent of the wines are wine, brewing more than a single species, and indicate on the label will be used grape varieties. This area is not sweet to the taste of wine more, and heavier sour, very refreshing. Yi Silin elegant and meticulous sense of balance known, big-hearted, in addition to floral and fruit aromas, produced in the soil of the Yi Silin shale ore often have the flavor is 阿尔萨斯名莱, such as smoked pork with sour Levin Yi Silin cock meat or a traditional table wine, with cream sauce cooking fish, light blue trout cooking method is also quite good.
Mainly wine village on the Rhine are concentrated in areas south of the county that is, to the city of Colmar, the center of north-south strip area. Recommended to visit the beautiful wine village of 15-16 century Sauk Virgin (Riruewihr).
Kaiser Myers (kayserberg) wine village Schlossberg Alsace wine Principal Park is one of the most famous vineyards.
St-Hipolyte high medieval castle village of Fort King (Haute Koenigsbourg), overlooking the vineyards of Alsace beautiful landscape.
Alsace's most southern vineyards of a Principal Rangen, 12 century, created by the church, the liquor produced by the pilgrims to the monks and scholars such as Montaigne's praise and popularity.
Brazil's wine history dates back to 1875, Italian immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul (southern Brazil) began planting grapes, the wine quickly became an important local economic activity, to 1884, the local wine production has up to 800 million liters.
However, the wine industry or in the mid-20th century, people begin to focus on the quality of wine, grape growing and winemaking in the Uruguay border and the São Francisco Valley Development. And some small, but growing focus on quality of entity, in the 1990s, the wine industry is also spreading to other regions.
1998 Brazilian Wine Institute (Ibravin) was founded, as the wine industry, technology and research and development of cooperative associations, which greatly promoted the development of wine industry in Brazil.
Today, Brazil has nearly 9 million hectares of some vineyards produced nearly 400,000 tons of wine each year, a fifth-largest wine producing areas of the Southern Hemisphere - Argentina, Australia, South Africa and Chile followed.
Brazil's relatively low alcohol wine control, fresh, soft, sparkling wine quality is relatively prominent.
Main areas
Serra Gaúcha
The main areas of family farmers, 90% of Brazil origin of wine, vineyards, mainly in the region 29 degrees south latitude, 640 m above sea level products are the annual rainfall is 1736mm, the annual average temperature of 12-22 degrees in here Brazil is also the first wine producing areas of geographical indications - "Vale dos Vinhedos", where wines aroma fresh, balanced taste, the main grape varieties are: Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Dannat (Tannat), Pinot Noir and other white varieties: Riesling, Chardonnay, the general competition test (Proseco), Muscat and Malvasias
Campanha and Serra do Sudeste
Brazil's southern border, is relatively flat, gentle slope between, mainly located in south latitude 31 degrees, Campanha altitude of 210 meters, annual rainfall of 1388mm, mean annual temperature at 12-24 degrees; and Serra do Sudeste altitude of 420 meters, annual rainfall 1419mm , the average annual temperature in the 12-22 degrees, mild climate, the temperature difference between day and night, summer dry, poor soils, conducive to high-quality grapes. The main varieties are: Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Dannat, and several Portuguese varieties Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Alfrocheiro and Arinarnoua, and white varieties are Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris and Gewurztraminer.
São Joaquim & Vale Rio Peixe
The relatively high altitude area ,900-1400 meters, annual rainfall 1400mm, low ,9.4-average temperature 21.7 degrees, the accumulation of the grape flavor relatively large, wide range of natural temperature distribution, grape maturity is not very concentrated, 3 -April has been can be harvested. Main varieties include: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, white varieties: Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay.
São Francisco Valley
The world's largest tropical vineyards, mainly in the vicinity of 9 degrees south latitude, land flat, with an average elevation of 366 m, alkaline soils, low yields, dry climate, annual rainfall of 599 mm, need artificial irrigation, the average temperature in the 20 - 31 degrees, usually two crops a year can be achieved, good quality grapes, especially good health. The main varieties: Syrah, Aragonez, Cabernet Sauvignon, white varieties: Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Muscat and white Malvasia.
Burgundy region in northeastern France, is the oldest wine region in France. Its fame comes from the Duke of Burgundy (Dukes of Burgundy); He has embassies in many countries, and territories all over the Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland. Burgundy wine producing areas stretch for 250 kilometers, covering three counties, including the Yonne County Chablis, Cote de Nuits and Cote de beaune the Cote d'or, Cote Chalonnaise and Maconnaise the Saone-et-Loire. Grape growing area of 22,000 hectares.
Burgundy appellation wines using only a few grape varieties: Chardonnay and other brewed with white wine, red wine brewed with Pinot Noir, red wine is used in some Magang Camry.
Based on origin and quality of grapes, producing areas of Burgundy can be divided into five appellations: AOC large area, smaller area appellation, village appellation, a vineyard and premium vineyards. Roman-style monastery, the former Duke's territory, glass tile castle, charming villages, all the Burgundy (Bourgogne) to become a rich cultural heritage and historical areas. Chambertin, ClosVougeot, Romanee-Conti or Corton: These are some of the world-renowned wine brands, gathered their vineyards in Beaune and Nui small radius and other places.
Burgundy wine-producing areas of strength vigorous and tough, supple wine with Bordeaux as opposed to just being known as the "king of French wine."
Burgundy producing a long history, its name from the Duke of Burgundy. There were originally part of the Grand Duchy of Burgundy.
Burgundy-producing areas of good climate and geographical conditions: Burgundy producing a continental climate, with Bordeaux's maritime climate different, but nonetheless a good grape-growing regions. Producing areas of Burgundy and Bordeaux is famous in France and Champagne areas on behalf of one of the three.
Bordeaux red wine with the main 4 / 5 for the red wine production.
Bordeaux wines with the deployment of different Burgundy wine-producing areas dominated by single variety wines. Compared with Bordeaux wine, Burgundy wine-producing areas inexpensive, the French themselves prefer to drink wine producing areas of Burgundy.
CHABLIS Chablis is located at the northern sub-areas because of the climate is cold, its famous white wine produced.
The sub-areas of Beaujolais Beaujolais wine Beaujolais Nouveau is the new "the more the better to drink the new" world famous.
Burgundy is located in the French inland continental climate zone, north of Bordeaux are more geographically, so the colder the climate, can be said to have been close to the limit position of the red grapes grown for brewing a single grape variety wines. Red and white grape of Germany and the mainstream only one, the red grape is Pinot Noir (Pinot Noir), the white grape is Chardonnay (Chardonnay), non-mainstream red grape varieties such as Caramel (Gamay), non-mainstream white grape varieties such as Ali Scott (Aligote), Pinot Gris (Pinot Gris) and Pinot (Pinot Blanc), have accounted for only a very small acreage (and, in Burgundy, a very interesting law is: a white grape varieties The Pinot Gris (Pinot Gris) and Pinot (Pinot Blanc) can only join the deployment of red wine, can not be used to separate white wines, and Chardonnay can not be mixed). Pinot Noir is recognized as fragile delicate, difficult to grow, the world has recognized only the best in Burgundy performance. In addition to brewing in Burgundy red wine, the Champagne region of France is necessary to grow the most widely used, in addition, currently in New Zealand and the United States, Oregon (Oregon) and the California coast, growing potential for high-profile.
Burgundy soil is relatively homogeneous, with calcareous clay and sandy soil, but soil is indeed the most complex and subtle differences in the two vineyards may only be a few meters apart, but the brewing of wine, but bad days to do This is why the classification of Burgundy is the classification of land as the key link.
Producing areas of Burgundy AOC AOC contains 101, 562 a vineyard, 33 vineyards and more than 4,000 premium wineries. "Burgundy is no low-grade wine", this 101 Burgundy AOC AOC in number more than 400 in France accounted for a quarter of AOC areas, but in fact the wine has reached the annual production of only about 6%, the vast majority of Burgundy wines are of AOC level, regional wine "Vin de Pays" production is very small.
Burgundy wine classification according to the classification of vineyards, divided into four levels, four levels on wine labels will have a logo:
1) The general regional AOC wines: AOC wine region of Burgundy as a whole accounted for 52% of production, its about 55% white wine. And France the only other of the different local AOC, AOC Burgundy total of 23 endemic species, in addition to Magong (Macon) area, will identify the wine labeled "Bourgogne" words; can be summarized as the following seven Naming:
Naming
To name the grape varieties such as Bourgogne Aligote
The brewing method, named as Cremant de Bourgogne
To wine color name such as Bourgogne Rose
Location named in areas such as Bourgogne Cote Chalonnaise Macon
To wine produced in the village named as Bourgogne Chitry
To mix different species names such as Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains
Named as the general quality or Bourgogne Ordinaire Bourgogne Grand Ordinaire
2) AOC wine village level: village level AOC wine only to Burgundy for about 35% overall yield, which would account for about 66% of white wine; Burgundy village level there are 44 AOC, Magong within the area and Sharon each of five areas, there is a Chablis, and the rest in gold hill area. Wine labels are marked on the village name, such as the Cote de Nuits Villages, Gevrey-Chambertin;
3) a vineyard wine (that is, Premier Cru or 1er Cru): Premier Cru or 1er Cru level wines of Burgundy as a whole accounted for about 11 per cent yield, although each vineyard area is not large, but the number was much with 562 and the number is increasing; wine labels will be marked on the "village name + Premier Cru (or 1er Cru) + vineyard name", such as Gevrey-Chambertin 1er Cru Clos Saint-Jacques;
4) premium vineyard (ie, Grand Cru): Grand Cru level wines only Burgundy to 2% of the overall production of such wine in the wine will not be marked on the label the name of the village, sometimes not labeled "Grand Cru", usually only marked the vineyard name, such as Musigny, La Tache;
Grade level is not the only vineyard in Burgundy decide the merits of the factors that producers often have greater impact. Therefore, in the selection of Burgundy wine, producers should first consider the issue, followed by the vineyard level.
In addition to these wines, the Burgundy region is a gourmet's paradise, even the French themselves call it "Gourmet Gala of the land" can be described as outstanding. Burgundy wine region of the cuisine has Braised Beef (Boeuf Bourguignon) and red wine Braised Chicken (Coq au Vin). In addition, there Xialuo Li beef (Charollais beef), Peter Hess chicken (Bresse chicken), French snails, mustard sauce, gingerbread ... ... all kinds of food can not be exhaustive, all teach people a taste. Burgundy region of France is not only a snail's "pedigree", is frozen ocean parsley ham (Jambon Persille) birthplace. However, probably the most unique non-wine egg (Les oeufs en meurette) must go, and this delicious dish is a must for all restaurant menus. Freshwater fish in the rich region, La Pochouse is another authentic dishes. Looking for Peter Hess chicken? Go to the south of Burgundy, the hometown of Peter Hess chicken a reputation in France, but it.
In the Burgundy region, beef on the menu at an important seat, because here is Xialuo Li cattle origin. Xialuo Li cow body pure white, which is said France's top beef Need. There are also backing a lot of cheese produced. Aipaxiesi (Epoisses) is one of France's most delicious cheese, and Citeaux cheese, Saint-Florentin cheese, Brillat-Savarin cheese, Soumaintrain cheese, and the Macon region produced Bouton de Culotte goat cheese Chi soil. Dessert came in the Burgundy region a family can be a real treat, and can not miss the authentic gingerbread Pain d Epices, the Crusades, but it retained from this veteran's dessert too!
Champagne (Champagne) in the east of Paris, city of Reims (Reims) around, including the Marne (Marne), Aisne (Aisne) and Aube (Aube) part of the area. Champagne Champagne region is the origin, under French law only produced in the Champagne region of Champagne can be called Champagne, a similar wine produced elsewhere can only be called "sparkling wine."
Champagne region dating from the beginning of the year planting grapes. Although the acreage is shrinking, but its characteristics have been early awareness of the origin of control is the first name of protection.
Champagne Origin monitoring today's world-famous name, but its formation is not a day. It can be traced back to several centuries ago, full of twists and turns. All are based on this unique area, and carries the most unique wine. The local people have the talent, so they know how to show the subtle characteristics of wine, and bubble it through sublimation.
The novelty of it soon made a name, some fashion people first recognize Champagne (champagne) is unique in their promotion, there will be some followers of the world soon. Early twentieth century, Champagne (Champagne) has become a myth. Champagne decided to strictly delineated by the scope of the development of common rules to protect the Champagne name, this is the name Champagne to monitor the identification of origin.
Since then, the grape growers and champagne champagne Firm is to unite the industry committee, will continue to carry forward this legacy, so that as many people to share the precious value of the denomination of origin.
Denomination of origin to ensure that all Champagne Champagne (champagne) producers and consumers to enjoy pure, high quality and dream ...
Champagne province is the most by the French wine growing areas in northern regions. Usual reasons, the climate here is not very suitable for growing grapes.
2000 hours per year compared to Bordeaux and Burgundy 1900 hours of sunshine each year, the province of Champagne sunshine time is short: there are only 1650 hours. Here the temperature is low, the average annual temperature is only 10,5 ° C, winters are very cold. Grape plants need to live in at least 9 ° C above the environment to let the grapes mature. Average temperature is so low, particles do not experience winter collection is also a common thing. In general, where the climate is affected by the marine continental climate.
However, the Champagne province still has two good conditions: rainfall is moderate and regular; good soil - mainly marine degradation from the 70 million years ago left the chalk material composition. Chalk soil water content in the regulation of land are valuable. In the dry season, it is still able to lock moisture; in the rainfall season, it absorbs moisture. Therefore, the roots of the vines in the ground year round can be absorbed into the water.
Therefore, moderate rainfall and good soil to bring here is almost the ideal irrigation environment.
Combining all climatic conditions, the quality of wine produced here is not very stable, but for the production of bubble-type wine is very beneficial.
Cool weather delayed the grapes mature particles, the wine adds a mellowness of flavor and acidity - it is these two factors constitute the champagne wine characteristics.
Champagne province has thirty-four thousand hectares of vineyards, more than in the Burgundy region is also larger.
The main grape varieties of champagne
White grapes: Chardonnay (Chardonnay)
Red grapes: Pinot Noir (Pinot Noir). Monier Pinot (Pinot Meunier)
Category
Only in the Champagne region of France was named Champagne wine (A.0.C.), and for the champagne (Champagne): Seventeen villages were best classified as premium vineyards (Grand Cru); second only to the forty villages were classified as a vineyard (Premier Cru).
Style / taste
Champagne is the traditional "Champagne manufacturing method" (Methode Champenoise) brewing. There are not standard in Champagne (Non-vintage), marked in Champagne (Vintage), white grape Champagne (Blanc de Blanc), red grape Champagne (Blanc de Noir) and Pink Champagne (Rose). According to sweetness can be divided into very dry (Brut), dry (Extfa-dry), moderately dry (Sec), moderately sweet sex (Demi-sec) or sweet nature (Doux), Champagne taste fullness, can be tasted biscuits, fermented bread, toast, nuts and raspberry flavor.
French wine originated in the 1st century AD, the first grapes planted in the southern Rhone Valley of France, two centuries to reach Bordeaux. Long history of traditional grape growing techniques and brewing process, and the most modern and rigorous methods of winemaking combine to make French wines more noble. French wine is a completely natural environment, the use of cultivated grape juice carefully brewed. Different climate, soil cultivation, brewing process, store environment and time, make distinctive flavor of wine.
Determine wine quality of six factors: grape varieties, climate, soil, moisture, vineyard management and winemaking techniques, the best reason why French wine, because France in the six major factors have on the unique advantages. French wine production has been ranked highest in the world, its population and geographical area concerned, as is the production power.
France is the world's most diverse wine country, mainly in white wine, red wine and red wine, most important of which is red wine.
It is blessed with a temperate climate conducive to grape growing, but in different regions, climate and soil are not the same, so the French can grow hundreds of kinds of grapes (the most famous white wine brewed varieties Chardonnay and Sauvignon, brewed red wine Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Camry, and heroin). Different wine-producing areas have different quality and taste.
France has a rigorous and comprehensive wine classification and quality management system. Wine is divided into four grades: AOC wine (AOC), an excellent regional wine (VDQS), regional wine (VINS DE PAYS) and daily wine (VINS DE TABLE). Each province has its winemaking tradition. French 'origin name oversight body "for the source and quality of the wine type to provide consumers with a reliable guarantee.
French red wine as the most glorious ruby wine, much like the world. French winemaking and labeling has strict regulations. Daily production of wines and wine regions, that is, to implement European standards, should also comply with more stringent provisions of French law. Regional wines and everyday wines are everyday drinking wine.
Ten French wine producing areas:
Bordeaux Bordeaux
Burgundy Bourgogne
Beaujolais Beaujolais
Rhone valley Valée du Rhône
Val de Loire Loire Valley
Champagne Champagne
Alsace Alsace
Provence / Corsica Provence / Corse
Languedoc / Roussillon Languedoc / Roussillon
Jura / Savoie Jura / Savoie
One of the most famous French wine-producing areas are mainly:
Bordeaux Bordeaux, Burgundy Burgundy and Champagne Champagne.
To produce full-bodied Bordeaux-based wine is known,
The places burgundy wine and fresh produce and elegant light-based liquor known,
Champagne brewing world-famous, elegant and romantic of sparkling wine.
As long tradition of wine, the natural conditions and diverse range of species, so that various types of Languedoc wine producing region, is currently still wine producing regions (Vins de pays) level of wine-based, but the increasing level of AOC .
Roussillon
Areas near the Spanish border, Roussillon, located in the Pyrenees foothills, high and rugged terrain than the Languedoc. Here in France the most important addition is the natural sweet wines (VDN) of the areas, but also produced good dry wine, "Roussillon area (Cotes du Roussillon)", to produce mainly red wines, but white wine and pink wines are also produced. Located in the north of the "village of Roussillon area (Cotes du Roussilllon Villages)" only good quality red wine production. The local color of deep red wine are the main characteristics of strong tannins, in addition to fruit, but often spice. This little white wine, fresh acidity and light taste is most important feature. And the Spanish border, "Corley Ur (Collioure)" produced dry wine and rosé wine, dark in color, alcohol, strong, thick taste is quite strong.
Languedoc - Roussillon wine region, harmony, light a long time to two kinds of Syrah and Grenache grapes mixed brewed.
Geography: Mediterranean coastal plain, the central highlands hill hills.
Climate: Mediterranean climate, according to people strong, mild winters and hot summers.
Grape Varieties
White grapes: Chardonnay Sauvignon Blanc Macabeo, Mauzac, Chenin Blanc Red grapes: Carignan Cinsault, Grenache, co-Mu White, Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz
Category
Statutory Languedoc - Roussillon wine-producing areas (AOC); regional wine (Vin de Pays) and ordinary table wine (Vin de Table)
Style / taste
Roussillon area (Cotes de Roussillon) and the village of Roussillon area (Cotes de Roussillon-Villages) (preferably the 28 villages) are produced strong and has a deep red wine color: white wine is fresh, acidity high and cyan. Corley Ur (Collioure), the Philippine map (Fitou) and Kebi Ai (Corbieres) full-bodied rich red wine, full of stiffness, Xinlie fragrance full of grass and fruit propagation.
Minei Wa (Minervois) produced red wine supple and easy entry, detailed, and pink wine with a fruity and dry white wine.
Limousin - Brown Specter (Blanquette de Limoux) is a light in with a fruity, refreshing aroma, rich fragrance of sparkling wine.
Languedoc region (Coteaux du Languedoc) dry white wine with fresh fruit. Stiffness of red wine is full, full of fruit.
Shengxiniang (Saint Chinian) and Fu Gers (Faugeres) slippery and strong red wine, and with a fresh scent.
Banyuls (Banyuls), (Rivesaltes) and Molly (Maury) produced "natural wine" (Vins Doux Naturels) unique taste, a strong oak flavor. Frydman Long Di Niang (Frontignan), rice and black tiles (Mireval), Lv Neier (Lunel) and Minei Wa. Saint-Jean (Saint-Jean-Minervois) and other regions of Muscat (Huscat) brewed "natural wine" is best enjoyed as soon as possible, to better understand the sweet fruit of this wine.
Loire (Loire) across the central region, and mapping was dazzling, France's greatest artists in this inspired, and create some of the treasures of France's architectural history.
Loire Valley known as the "French Garden", the adjacent region rich in fresh fruits and vegetables are known, including the cool sweet firm pears, sweet and juicy apple, bright red strawberries. Every fall, there will be everywhere the purple heather, leaves covered with wild mushrooms. Many Parisians like the south in the fall to hunt and catch wild ducks. Loire Valley restaurants year round supply of fresh river fish, such as Sandre. Do not forget the locally produced goat cheese cheese Chevre, fresh cheese, like cheese and delicious, is divided into pyramid-shaped and round, how can call it a meal Shengcai not perfect!
Wine
Wide variety of wine produced here, as throughout the region falls far short of the climate, grow the grapes have their own characteristics, so the taste of the vineyard brewed wine varies widely. The vineyards here have for centuries, today is still working on how to grow better quality grapes, fermented rice in its efforts to preserve their characteristics, while also continue efforts to improve the composition and wine quality. Loire Valley vineyards mainly family-based small businesses, of which 17 and five brands have been obtained AOC wine (AOCs) approved labeling and excellent regional wine (VDQS) approved labeling, production accounting for 70% of area . So, this rich culinary culture, can be described in greater odds of spirit, in fact, Acura's Acura.
Loire Valley grape variety, whether it is used alone or a mixed brew brewing, has its own unique charm. This region produces the classic wine grapes and numerous superb, and have several centuries of history.
History
Nantes opened the Romans planted grape in this section, Loire River is generally considered the history of wine began in the 5th century AD, that is the beginning of the Middle Ages. The development of the local vineyards, mainly due to the royal family and religious people.
Middle Ages, about AD 582, the first time, Tula Er (Touraine) vineyards producing the records. Sharon sodium (Chalonnes) area around the castle's vineyards is the emergence of Anjou (Anjou) joint count and a masterpiece of religious institutions. Many wine producing areas in the Middle Ages reputation has been greatly improved, such as Saint - Busang (Saint Pourçain), Angers (Angers), and Sancerre (Sancerre) and Orleans (Orléans) and other areas.
Must be mentioned is Henry II Plantagenet dynasty. Henry II is Anru Bo Jue, became king of England in 1154, he Anjou wine brought into court. In the past thousand years, as the British royal family of France and the Loire River wine preferences, creating a wine of the Loire River, excellent reputation.
From the Middle Ages to the 15th century, as aristocratic wine to give the franchise monopoly repeal of an Act, as Angers, Suomou (Saumur) and Orleans and other cities around the vineyard development and extension of the middle class began to form. Middle-class vineyards, but also greatly promote the development of Finland and other Nordic cities exports. 16th century, the Loire River wine as taste, convenience and privileges, significantly enhanced the export of the Netherlands.
18th and 19th centuries, this wine is for the Loire River, is a difficult period. Wine of the Loire River, the French Revolution, the impact is devastating. Another was the development of new means of transport, especially railway development, the central Loire River wine producing areas were forced to face the competition. The late 19th century, grape phylloxera disease destroyed most of the Loire River vineyards.
In the 20th century, in order to ensure the quality of wine from the law, from 1935 the French naming system to establish the statutory source of origin (AOC). Loire River region named the legal system of the source of origin (AOC) was created in 1936.
In 2000, the Loire Valley (Sully-sur-Loire and between Chalonnes-sur-Loire), because of its high level of architectural heritage, historic city and the world-famous castle, a UNESCO (UNESCO) as World Heritage. Today, Anjou (Anjou), Suomiao (Saumur) and Tula Er (Touraine) of the overall composition of all legal areas, ready for its cultural heritage and regional applications for accession to the World Heritage team. Nantes opened the Romans planted grape in this section, Loire River is generally considered the history of wine began in the 5th century AD, that is the beginning of the Middle Ages. The development of the local vineyards, mainly due to the royal family and religious people.
600 BC, Philip base within the concept of introducing people to the vineyards of France, but produce only rosé wine, rosé wine and thus prevails over. Several years later, Philip lost within the base of people attack the Romans, to the beautiful Provence region plate. Roman has extensive experience in the wine, not only expanded the geographic scope of Provence, but also the introduction of new grape varieties, and improve the traditional winemaking methods.
Middle Ages, monasteries guided Provence vineyard development. Changes in the Provence vineyard cultivated landscape, make this area more attractive green. Abbey for its production of wine is not exclusive, nor dedicated to mass. Brewing monks in regulating the monotonous and boring life, but also an abbey to bring in huge revenues.
Until the late 14th century, into a piece of vineyards around the nobility and royal dignitaries of the manor built. Subsequently, the royal army hero who came to dominate the fate of the vineyard. The same day as the conquest of France, will be a vineyard for himself. That is, from this era, along with grapes and wheat and olives, as the three leading causes of Provence crops. It is also from this time onwards, the Provence wine began to famous overseas.
17th and 18th century full two centuries, the King of France Provence wines are the most appreciated wine. The 19th century, Provence wines are labeled "Cote de Provence" in the name of, brought out more and more vitality in the 20th century, known around the world and treasure.
In 1860, the vineyards of Provence, was nearly drowned. From the American continent, a parasitic insect attack Europe, mercilessly Kenshi vine roots, almost all of the vineyards of Europe were destroyed. But in the end, scientists still find the appropriate rescue methods. They first grape seed from the American continent in the earth, when the grape seedlings continue to grow, the foundation of solid, after the huge branches, and then the French vines grafted on top. As a result, the first American grape seedlings planted as stand as firmly protect the top of the French grape seedlings, no longer have to worry about against parasitic insects. This method has been used up to now.
1955, 23 areas of Provence was the country of origin named Authority (INAO) awarded the "column-level winery" rating (Cru classé). This level is the symbol of high quality. In 1977, Provence wines into the "country of origin to monitor named" rating (AOC), more stringent auditing standards. Late 20th century, the development of wine rose to a new level. People are increasingly aware that wine quality and soil, climate is closely related to the vineyard of course, the main skill determines the taste of wine. Taking all these factors, the Provence wine worthy of presentation in French wine list. Provence wine to match with the mushrooms and lobster, delicate taste of mellow, with exotic dishes or typical Provencal dishes with taste and rich enough.
Provence: the soil and climate
Not all wines can be enjoyed in Provence "Cote de Provence" in the title. Only 18,000 hectares of vineyards, because of its climate, soil and geographical conditions in line with the characteristics of Provence, was awarded the title of origin. Provence region has three provinces (Le Var, Les Bouches du Rhone, Les Alpes Maritimes) the right to use the title of origin. This three provinces of the vineyards have been INAO rigorous screening, and their geographical corners have been accurately measured. From Les Bouches du Rhone to Les Alpes Maritimes, between vineyard presents five different climatic and geological conditions.
Provence region of 349 private wineries, 49 vineyards and 58 wine joint trading company in the region to ensure the production of 100 million bottles of wine, of which 13 million bottles for export. Provence is one of the few existing French red wine, white wine, has produced a pink wine regions, wine, white wine production accounts for 5% of total, red wine accounted for 15%, while rosé is accounted for 80 %. Provence rosé wines produced in one place the entire French rosé wines accounted for 45% of production even more. This makes the Provence region in terms of production or the fame, all the French, and even the world's largest pink wine region. The total export volume of 900 million liters of pink wine, there are 2.5 million liters sold in Belgium, 1.5 million liters sold in Germany, 1.5 million liters sold in Switzerland, 600,000 liters are exported to Japan, 200,000 liters sold in the United States, left under the main destination is the Netherlands, Denmark, England and Sweden.
Provence soil absorb water, gravel all over, the lack of organic matter, it is a good choice for the finest vineyards. Annual rainfall can reach 600 ml, mainly in autumn and spring. The rain falls in autumn grape harvest period, so hard to get rain for a year the soil moisture regain nutrients. Spring rain the vineyard full of life.
Strong winds from the Alps dry, cold, and always visited Provence region, effectively inhibited the vineyard pests and diseases. Spring to early to the vineyards flourish, while the hot summer and the ripening of the grapes, ushered in a fruitful harvest season.
Provence wine on a few key figures
From January 1, 2004, the new Provence Provence wine industry association will name the origin of the wine is concentrated in their own banner next ("Provence mountain wine", "Provence Ike Sri Lanka mountain wine ", and" Wa Luwa mountain wine ").
Provence is France's fourth-largest grape growing areas.
Provence wine production every year one hundred fifty-six million bottles (of which 95% of the Provence wine denomination of origin).
Acreage: a total of three provinces twenty-seven thousand three hundred hectares.
Local features: the local climate is dry Mediterranean climate, very suitable for grape cultivation, soil diversity, soil quality with crystal, but also calcium clay. The soil here is poor, good permeability, very suitable for planting seeds of grapes.
The wines of the region, 71% of pink wine, 24% red wine, 5% white wine.
Provence in the pink wine expertise, production and occupy leading positions in sales: in ten years time, pink wine consumption doubled.
Provence is a French grape growing regions first (started six centuries BC), the production of wine was very light wine.
Category
Provence wine producing areas of statutory (AOC), regional wine (vin de Pays) and ordinary table wine (vin de Table)
Style / taste
Provence region (Cotes du Provence) and Aix-en-zone (Coteaux d Aixer-Provence) of red wine with herbs and black currant flavor; creamy rosé structural integrity; elegant white wine aroma. Bandol (Bandol) deep red wine color, Xinlie flavor mixed with herbs and berries in the taste. Where the district Pierre (Coteaux de pierrevert) and Walter zone (Coteaux Varois) moisturizing and rich red wine with a pleasant fruity.
Rhone Valley, producing a long history, is the oldest wine region in France. Archaeology shows that as early as the first century AD, with the Roman conquest of Gaul, the Romans discovered the Rhone Valley grape growing is the treasure the two sides, it became the birthplace of French wine. 100 years later, it reached the Bordeaux wine growing areas. Fourteenth century AD, the Holy See disputes, the Pope moved to the Rhone Valley region, residence in the capital of Avignon, a total of seven hundred years after the Pope in this, and has built a "teaching Palace" and the Summer Palace, "the Pope Newcastle." Required to meet the Holy See, close to vineyards and wine grape varieties continue to improve technology, quality of Rhone Valley wine producing areas by leaps and bounds, resulting in such as "Pope Newcastle" Chateauneuf-du-Pape wines so.
Rhone Valley wine producing variety, its full-bodied red wine to taste, slightly spicy as the main feature. Some people think it fit with the Chinese Sichuan. Areas along the Rhone Valley Rhone Valley strip strip was distributed from north to south, about 200 kilometers, its northern border areas with Burgundy, Northern Rhone wine with Burgundy wine similar to a single varieties of grape wine or two to three kinds of wine-based deployment; its southern bathed in Mediterranean sun and sea breeze under the grape variety from the deployment, and some even use 13 kinds of grape varieties. In France, the Rhone Valley wine producing areas of the largest Jiu Jin. The world's highest alcohol content of wine produced on its southern regions, alcohol is 16.2 degrees. This is mainly attributed to its unique cobblestone southern landscape, cobblestone sun during the day and absorb the sun's heat at night and then distributed to the vine, make more mature grapes, high alcohol.
Rhone Valley wine producing varieties with Syrah and Grenache-based, making it different from the Bordeaux wine-making methods of oak regimes. Rhone Valley wines rarely used new oak barrels, oak barrels and placed in a very short period of time. Rhone Valley wines of people think that their natural beauty, no oak flavor whitewash. Rhone Valley in France after producing the second largest AOC Bordeaux wine region. Their wines to wine, accounting for about 94% of total output.
Main producing areas in Hebei Rhone Rhone Valley, the Ministry of the edge of the white grape Syrah planted on steep slopes, well-known wine estate is the Côte Rôtie and Cornas wine garden garden, with flowers and spices produced Sauvignon Syrah wine taste. Hermitage red wine grapes are produced garden, good wine and strong durable storage of thick round white, Condrieu wine produced in the garden there is a delicious apricot fragrant and delicious liquor.
The southern Rhone Valley is bold, rich red wine-based production, such as Côtes du Rhône, the amount of alcohol or heavy enough, strong strong Châteauneuf du Pape (Pope Newcastle) and Gigondas. Northern Rhone region also produces some pink wine, rose wine, also known as Tavel estate, and a small amount of dry white wine.
AOC Rhone Valley wine-producing areas can be divided into three:
- Low-level is a large appellation AOC: Appellation + Rhone Valley, for example, producing + Controlee
- Intermediate is a village-level AOC: Appellation + Beaumes de Venise, such as the village name + Controlee
- Advanced is the name of CRU AOC: If Appellation + Chateauneuf-du-Pape name + Controlee
Village-level AOC:
Rhone Valley production area of 95 villages by the middle of the wine, the quality is higher than the basic level AOC, Rhone Valley, the village level can be referred to as AOC, the Cotes du Rhone Villages. Of these, only 16 villages in the wine labels were marked on their villages.
These 16 villages are: Chusclan, Landun, St Gervais, Rochegude, St Maurice, St Pantaleon, Rousset les Vignes, Vinsobres, Beaumes de Venise, Cairanne, Rasteau, Roaix, Sablet, Seguret, Valreas, Visan.
Of which: Beaumes de Venise villages with honey Sijia natural sweet wine grapes are very famous.
CRU-level AOC:
Rhone Valley region produced a total of 13 of the most advanced wine, known as CRU. Are:
Regional production areas CRU
Northern Rhone Cote Rotie, Condrieu, Chateau Grillet, St Joseph, Crozes Hermitage, Hermitage, Cornas, St Peray
Nan Luona Chateauneuf du Pape, GigondasVacqueyras, Lirac, Tavel
RIEDEL is the world's most prestigious professional glass manufacturer, AD 1756, RIEDEL family in Austria, founded their first factory, dating back over 250 years of history. Each year, RIEDEL produce more than one million man-blown crystal glasses and 300 million more machines blown crystal glass products are sold around the world. Can be said that there is a place of wine lovers, there RIEDEL wine glass.
Annual production of 1 million man-blown crystal glass
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Sommeliers - Hand crafted tall crystal wine glasses
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Grape - mechanisms refined crystal wine glasses
Grape (Bacchus series) using the latest machinery blown glass techniques, combined with a seamless interface technology, its unique design elements, so that bottom of the cup showing dents to reflect light and to add new perspective to wine a touch of vivid color.
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Wine-refined glass wine glasses
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"O" series wine glasses flat
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Wine Profile: United States and said the two emerging wine country. Regardless of climate or soil conditions, are suitable for planting grapes. From 1788 the first batch of immigrants to Australia, began to make wine. In the British colonial period, the main production is Shirley and Porter. 1950, places the main non-sparkling wines.
Well-known areas: Australian wine region is divided into four areas, namely South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia, followed by various production ratio 8:4:2:1.
South Australia is a unique environment that has become today's most important wine region in Australia, most of its vineyards concentrated in the South Valley, and Adelaide River in the vicinity.
New South Wales is Australia's first grape planted areas, Australia's major wineries are concentrated in well-known here. Victoria's wine has a substantial number of types, the inland areas to famous sweet fortified wines, sweet wines in addition to the northeast, but also produce wine and women, Shen Nong, high alcohol, heavy taste of red wine.
Perth Western Australia producing places in the northeast of the Swan Valley's most prestigious, the area in order to produce white Burgundy white wines. Australia because of different origin, grape varieties are many, not only can produce red and white still wine, sherry, port wine, red sparkling wine, and the remaining fermented juice is also used for distilling. Hunter River produces light-bodied drink wine, suitable for household consumption, Queensland and Perth vineyard produces a limited body of light and fortified wines. Some good quality Australian wine, but production is low, the export volume is not.
In the world famous wine producing countries, Australia is still a new member. One of the most important areas for the South Australian District, the local geography and latitude are similar to the famous Bordeaux wine country (between 30-50 degrees in latitude). But the climate was warm, sunshine, it is brewed aroma, smooth easy to import wine.
Another feature of the Australian wine will mix two or more than two kinds of grapes to wine. Through this approach, and to create a flavor entirely in Australia. The most common and SHIRAZ CABERNET FRANC is a mixture of grape varieties. In the wine is labeled or marked on the back, will be clearly marked. Most of Australia's wine, both in taste or price, and are quite able to meet domestic consumer demand.
West of wine dates back to 1875, Italian immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul (southern Brazil) began planting grapes, the wine quickly became an important local economic activity, to 1884, the local wine production has up to 800 million liters.
However, the wine industry or in the mid-20th century, people begin to focus on the quality of wine, grape growing and winemaking in the Uruguay border and the São Francisco Valley Development. And some small, but growing focus on quality of entity, in the 1990s, the wine industry is also spreading to other regions.
1998 Brazilian Wine Institute (Ibravin) was founded, as the wine industry, technology and research and development of cooperative associations, which greatly promoted the development of wine industry in Brazil.
Today, Brazil has nearly 9 million hectares of some vineyards produced nearly 400,000 tons of wine each year, a fifth-largest wine producing areas of the Southern Hemisphere - Argentina, Australia, South Africa and Chile followed.
Brazil's relatively low alcohol wine control, fresh, soft, sparkling wine quality is relatively prominent.
Main areas
Serra Gaúcha
The main areas of family farmers, 90% of Brazil origin of wine, vineyards, mainly in the region 29 degrees south latitude, 640 m above sea level products are the annual rainfall is 1736mm, the annual average temperature of 12-22 degrees in here Brazil is also the first wine producing areas of geographical indications - "Vale dos Vinhedos", where wines aroma fresh, balanced taste, the main grape varieties are: Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Dannat (Tannat), Pinot Noir and other white varieties: Riesling, Chardonnay, the general competition test (Proseco), Muscat and Malvasias
Campanha and Serra do Sudeste
Brazil's southern border, is relatively flat, gentle slope between, mainly located in south latitude 31 degrees, Campanha altitude of 210 meters, annual rainfall of 1388mm, mean annual temperature at 12-24 degrees; and Serra do Sudeste altitude of 420 meters, annual rainfall 1419mm , the average annual temperature in the 12-22 degrees, mild climate, the temperature difference between day and night, summer dry, poor soils, conducive to high-quality grapes. The main varieties are: Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Dannat, and several Portuguese varieties Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Alfrocheiro and Arinarnoua, and white varieties are Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris and Gewurztraminer.
São Joaquim & Vale Rio Peixe
The relatively high altitude area ,900-1400 meters, annual rainfall 1400mm, low ,9.4-average temperature 21.7 degrees, the accumulation of the grape flavor relatively large, wide range of natural temperature distribution, grape maturity is not very concentrated, 3 -April has been can be harvested. Main varieties include: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, white varieties: Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay.
São Francisco Valley
The world's largest tropical vineyards, mainly in the vicinity of 9 degrees south latitude, land flat, with an average elevation of 366 m, alkaline soils, low yields, dry climate, annual rainfall of 599 mm, need artificial irrigation, the average temperature in the 20 - 31 degrees, usually two crops a year can be achieved, good quality grapes, especially good health. The main varieties: Syrah, Aragonez, Cabernet Sauvignon, white varieties: Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Muscat and white Malvasia.
Bordeaux region in southwestern France, Garonne, Dordogne River and Ji Longde valley. A vast area, 85 miles east to west, north and south over 70 miles, is recognized worldwide as the world's largest wine producing area.
Bordeaux wine, fine elegant supple texture, is a feminine wine, known as "French wine queen."
Bordeaux's unique climate and geographical conditions: it is the Atlantic, mild climate, soil morphology and more, have been the river Gironde, vines grow best in this.
Bordeaux is the world's largest wine producing good: Bordeaux grape growing area of 100,000 hectares and an annual output of 800 million bottles of wine, including a good level of AOC wines account for 95% of the total.
Bordeaux Due to extensive soil and fertilizer, grape variety, the wine has almost all types of production, there are crisp Sauvignon red wine, a spicy taste of white wine or licking, and rose red wine, wine from high to normal table wine, everything.
Bordeaux with red wine-based. Bordeaux wine to wine-based deployment model, some experts as the Bordeaux of France one of the three representative areas of the "deployment of wine" areas.
Bordeaux sub-areas of the southern SAUTERNES white wine is also very famous.
Bordeaux world-famous three major reasons:
1. Good largest wine producing areas.
2. Bordeaux was the British occupation in history, the local ecumenical marriage with the British, the famous wines of England, with British and French colonial expansion and spread throughout the world.
3. Bordeaux is one of France's largest port, the world of wine in France have the convenience of proximity.
Bordeaux's 57 appellations of Bordeaux constitute a unique architecture. They are divided into four families of red wine and white wine 2 large family.
Production is about one-tenth of France, about 3% of world production. About 85% of white wine, the remaining 15% is rose wine, red wine and sparkling wine. German white wine with fragrant fresh fruit and sweet, low alcohol. Especially for people not to drink and just beginners. Different wines have their own characteristics.
Germany not only world-famous beer, wine jars are the world occupy a certain position. German wine growing area of about 10 million hectares, annual production of about one million liters of wine to white wine, accounting for about 87% of total output, the type is very rich, from the general type of semi-sweet light sweet white wine to a strong run of your garden rot wine has, in addition to a unique method for making ice wine.
Well-known areas: mainly the Rhine and its tributaries Mossel River. Mossel wine bottle is green, and Rhine wine bottle is brown. Rhine wine taste more rich.
German wine regions are located in 47 to 52 degrees latitude, is the world's most northern wine region constraints, although growing conditions are poor, but, with the unique local customs and Germans superior brewing technology, brewing a comparable France's top wines, wine became a model for cold regions.
Grape growing areas in Germany
German wine is characterized first of all from the unique origin and climate conditions. Most of the grapes grown here in the valley, south of Constantine from the lake along the Rhine and its tributaries, north of Mitte Bonn Rhine, the West region from the French border to the east of the Elbe. All German wines is divided into thirteen specific grape-growing areas, such as Moze - Saar - Lu Wen, Rheingau, Rhine-Hesse, Ulrich vine Fort, Baden, Fildes and so on. Each has their own specialty areas. General wine production in northern light and delicious, fruity fragrance, aromatic fragrance, elegant and refined, and fresh acid. The wine is produced in southern successful full, fruity attractive, sometimes with more flavor yet mild staunch moderate acidity. Most commonly seen in the German wine from the Mosel River and Rhein River four main areas, Mosel-Saar-Rewur, Rheingau, Rheinhessen, Pfalz
Special Focus: German Wine has two characteristics that the cold climate in order to allow grapes to fully mature, usually harvested late, thereby causing the wine has a fresh and lively acidity, and sometimes to make sugar work ; Another feature is the harvest of grapes is usually reserved for one-tenth of non-fermented grape juice made directly stored in the high-pressure tank until bottling and then mixed with the juice, do so out of the wine with an elegant fruit flavor and high alcohol concentration is usually not very suitable for human consumption begun to taste the wine. Germany is the home of Riesling, this grape wine brewing wine fragrance, taste fresh, and today has become an elegant wine with rich features synonymous.
